Don’t be misled by the seemingly simple appearance of power tongs compared to other drilling equipment; these robust tools are crucial in supporting drilling operations.
At their core, tube tongs provide stability, allowing workers to easily handle tubular components. It’s vital to use specialized power tongs that match the equipment size and the specific requirements of the job site for every drilling operation involving a power tong rig.
While they may serve similar functions, drilling sites often designate separate tongs for two key tasks: makeup and breakout. Makeup tongs are used to securely tighten the joints of the drill string once in use, while breakout tongs are employed to loosen sections or components that need to be unscrewed or removed.
Design Principles of Power Tongs
Despite their straightforward appearance, power tongs are engineered to withstand immense stress, resembling regular wrenches in functionality. Their design includes features like a wrap-around structure that ensures nearly 300 degrees of die contact, preventing damage to the thin walls of the tube. The extended handle allows for better leverage, maximizing the effectiveness of angular acceleration. Additionally, the interlocking components of the tongs’ eye provide a firm grip on tubular parts. Many tongs also come with optional accessories like hangers and guides, enhancing their compatibility with other equipment on site.
In practice, tube tongs are typically used in pairs when handling power or other drilling components, similar to opposing wrenches. One set, known as the “lead tongs,” is connected directly to the derrick, while the second pair is operated independently. Together, they generate the necessary force to tighten or release components as needed.
